Techniques and apparatuses for multi-link transmit power control

ABSTRACT

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless communication device may receive one or more downlink control information (DCI) transmissions including a plurality of transmit power control (TPC) commands. The plurality of TPC commands may relate to an uplink channel transmit power for a plurality of uplink beam-pairs. The wireless communication device may determine the uplink channel transmit power for the plurality of uplink beam-pairs based at least in part on the plurality of TPC commands. Numerous other aspects are provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 119

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/678,921, filed on Nov. 8, 2019 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,779,240),entitled “TECHNIQUES AND APPARATUSES FOR MULTI-LINK TRANSMIT POWERCONTROL,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/862,275, filed on Jan. 4, 2018 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,477,484),entitled “TECHNIQUES AND APPARATUSES FOR MULTI-LINK TRANSMIT POWERCONTROL,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/469,933 filed on Mar. 10, 2017 entitled “TECHNIQUES ANDAPPARATUSES FOR MULTI-LINK TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL,” which areincorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wirelesscommunication, and more particularly to techniques and apparatuses formulti-link transmit power control.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access technologiesinclude code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time divisionmultiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access(FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA)systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access(TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE/LTE-Advanced is aset of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP).

A wireless communication network may include a number of base stations(BSs) that can support communication for a number of user equipment(UEs). A UE may communicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. Thedownlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BSto the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communicationlink from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein,a BS may be referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), aradio head, a transmit receive point (TRP), a new radio (NR) BS, a 5GNode B, and/or the like.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal,national, regional, and even global level. New radio (NR), which mayalso be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobilestandard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access byimproving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services,making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other openstandards using OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink(DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fouriertransform spread ODFM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well assupporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennatechnology, and carrier aggregation. However, as the demand for mobilebroadband access continues to increase, there exists a need for furtherimprovements in LTE and NR technologies. Preferably, these improvementsshould be applicable to other multiple access technologies and thetelecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, a method for wireless communication may includereceiving, by a wireless communication device, one or more downlinkcontrol information (DCI) transmissions including a plurality oftransmit power control (TPC) commands. The plurality of TPC commands mayrelate to an uplink channel transmit power for a plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs. The method may include determining, by the wirelesscommunication device, the uplink channel transmit power for theplurality of uplink beam-pairs based at least in part on the pluralityof TPC commands.

In some aspects, a wireless communication device for wirelesscommunication may include a memory and one or more processors coupled tothe memory. The memory and the one or more processors may be configuredto receive one or more DCI transmissions including a plurality of TPCcommand. The plurality of TPC commands may relate to an uplink channeltransmit power for a plurality of uplink beam-pairs. The memory and theone or more processors may be configured to determine the uplink channeltransmit power for the plurality of uplink beam-pairs based at least inpart on the plurality of TPC commands.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store oneor more instructions for wireless communication. The one or moreinstructions, when executed by one or more processors of a wirelesscommunication device, may cause the one or more processors to receiveone or more DCI transmissions including a plurality of TPC commands. Theplurality of TPC commands may relate to an uplink channel transmit powerfor a plurality of uplink beam-pairs. The one or more instructions, whenexecuted by the one or more processors, may cause the one or moreprocessors to determine the uplink channel transmit power for theplurality of uplink beam-pairs based at least in part on the pluralityof TPC commands.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication may includemeans for receiving one or more DCI transmissions including a pluralityof TPC commands. The plurality of TPC commands may relate to an uplinkchannel transmit power for a plurality of uplink beam-pairs. Theapparatus may include means for determining the uplink channel transmitpower for the plurality of uplink beam-pairs based at least in part onthe plurality of TPC commands.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer programproduct, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment,wireless communication device, access point, and processing system assubstantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated bythe accompanying drawings.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purpose ofillustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits ofthe claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the above-recited features of the presentdisclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description,briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some ofwhich are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted,however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typicalaspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be consideredlimiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equallyeffective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings mayidentify the same or similar elements.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of awireless communication network, in accordance with certain aspects ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of abase station in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wirelesscommunication network, in accordance with certain aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of aframe structure in a wireless communication network, in accordance withcertain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating two example subframeformats with the normal cyclic prefix, in accordance with certainaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributedradio access network (RAN), in accordance with certain aspects of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributedRAN, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL)-centricsubframe, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL)-centricsubframe, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationdevice performing multi-link transmit power control, in accordance withcertain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, forexample, by a wireless communication device, in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, forexample, by a wireless communication device, in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafterwith reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construedas limited to any specific structure or function presented throughoutthis disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey thescope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based at least inpart on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciatethat the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of thedisclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of orcombined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, anapparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using anynumber of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of thedisclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which ispracticed using other structure, functionality, or structure andfunctionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of thedisclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect ofthe disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elementsof a claim. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as anexample, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over another aspect. Several aspects of telecommunicationsystems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses andtechniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in thefollowing detailed description and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps,processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”).These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, orcombinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardwareor software depends upon the particular application and designconstraints imposed on the overall system.

An access point (“AP”) may comprise, be implemented as, or known asNodeB, Radio Network Controller (“RNC”), eNodeB (eNB), Base StationController (“BSC”), Base Transceiver Station (“BTS”), Base Station(“BS”), Transceiver Function (“TF”), Radio Router, Radio Transceiver,Basic Service Set (“BSS”), Extended Service Set (“ESS”), Radio BaseStation (“RBS”), Node B (NB), gNB, 5G NB, NR BS, Transmit Receive Point(TRP), or some other terminology.

An access terminal (“AT”) may comprise, be implemented as, or be knownas an access terminal, a subscriber station, a subscriber unit, a mobilestation, a remote station, a remote terminal, a user terminal, a useragent, a user device, user equipment (UE), a user station, a wirelessnode, or some other terminology. In some aspects, an access terminal maycomprise a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a cordless telephone, aSession Initiation Protocol (“SIP”) phone, a wireless local loop (“WLL”)station, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a tablet, a netbook, asmartbook, an ultrabook, a handheld device having wireless connectioncapability, a Station (“STA”), or some other suitable processing deviceconnected to a wireless modem. Accordingly, one or more aspects taughtherein may be incorporated into a phone (e.g., a cellular phone, a smartphone), a computer (e.g., a desktop), a portable communication device, aportable computing device (e.g., a laptop, a personal data assistant, atablet, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook), wearable device (e.g.,smart watch, smart glasses, smart bracelet, smart wristband, smart ring,smart clothing, etc.), medical devices or equipment, biometricsensors/devices, an entertainment device (e.g., music device, videodevice, satellite radio, gaming device, etc.), a vehicular component orsensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, aglobal positioning system device, or any other suitable device that isconfigured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In someaspects, the node is a wireless node. A wireless node may provide, forexample, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area networksuch as the Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wirelesscommunication link. Some UEs may be considered machine-typecommunication (MTC) UEs, which may include remote devices that maycommunicate with a base station, another remote device, or some otherentity. Machine type communications (MTC) may refer to communicationinvolving at least one remote device on at least one end of thecommunication and may include forms of data communication which involveone or more entities that do not necessarily need human interaction. MTCUEs may include UEs that are capable of MTC communications with MTCservers and/or other MTC devices through Public Land Mobile Networks(PLMN), for example. Examples of MTC devices include sensors, meters,location tags, monitors, drones, robots/robotic devices, etc. MTC UEs,as well as other types of UEs, may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowbandinternet of things) devices.

It is noted that while aspects may be described herein using terminologycommonly associated with 3G and/or 4G wireless technologies, aspects ofthe present disclosure can be applied in other generation-basedcommunication systems, such as 5G and later, including NR technologies.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network 100 in which aspects of thepresent disclosure may be practiced. The network 100 may be an LTEnetwork or some other wireless network, such as a 5G or NR network.Wireless network 100 may include a number of BSs 110 (shown as BS 110 a,BS 110 b, BS 110 c, and BS 110 d) and other network entities. A BS is anentity that communicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also bereferred to as a base station, a NR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G NB, anaccess point, a TRP, etc. Each BS may provide communication coverage fora particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to acoverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving this coverage area,depending on the context in which the term is used.

A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, afemto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover arelatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius)and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. Apico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allowunrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell maycover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allowrestricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g.,UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as apico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or ahome BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a BS 110 a may be a macro BSfor a macro cell 102 a, a BS 110 b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b, and a BS 110 c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102 c. A BS maysupport one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “basestation”, “NR BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” maybe used interchangeably herein.

In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and thegeographic area of the cell may move according to the location of amobile BS. In some examples, the BSs may be interconnected to oneanother and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) inthe access network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces suchas a direct physical connection, a virtual network, and/or the likeusing any suitable transport network.

Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station isan entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstreamstation (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to adownstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be aUE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown inFIG. 1, a relay station 110 d may communicate with macro BS 110 a and aUE 120 d in order to facilitate communication between BS 110 a and UE120 d. A relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, a relaybase station, a relay, etc.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs ofdifferent types, e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, etc.These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels,different coverage areas, and different impact on interference inwireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmitpower level (e.g., 5 to 40 Watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relayBSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 Watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may providecoordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 maycommunicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicatewith one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless orwireline backhaul.

UEs 120 (e.g., 120 a, 120 b, 120 c) may be dispersed throughout wirelessnetwork 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also bereferred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, asubscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., asmart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, awireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, acordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera,a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, medical device orequipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches,smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g.,smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music orvideo device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor,smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a globalpositioning system device, or any other suitable device that isconfigured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. Some UEs maybe considered evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs.MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices,such as sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., that maycommunicate with a base station, another device (e.g., remote device),or some other entity. A wireless node may provide, for example,connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such asInternet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communicationlink. Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. SomeUEs may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may beincluded inside a housing 120′ that houses components of UE 120, such asprocessor components, memory components, and/or the like.

In FIG. 1, a solid line with double arrows indicates desiredtransmissions between a UE and a serving BS, which is a BS designated toserve the UE on the downlink and/or uplink. A dashed line with doublearrows indicates potentially interfering transmissions between a UE anda BS.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a givengeographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT andmay operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to asa radio technology, an air interface, etc. A frequency may also bereferred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc. Each frequency maysupport a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoidinterference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases,NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled, whereina scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) allocates resources forcommunication among some or all devices and equipment within thescheduling entity's service area or cell. Within the present disclosure,as discussed further below, the scheduling entity may be responsible forscheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one ormore subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication,subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the schedulingentity.

Base stations are not the only entities that may function as ascheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE may function as ascheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more subordinateentities (e.g., one or more other UEs). In this example, the UE isfunctioning as a scheduling entity, and other UEs utilize resourcesscheduled by the UE for wireless communication. A UE may function as ascheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and/or in a meshnetwork. In a mesh network example, UEs may optionally communicatedirectly with one another in addition to communicating with thescheduling entity.

Thus, in a wireless communication network with a scheduled access totime-frequency resources and having a cellular configuration, a P2Pconfiguration, and a mesh configuration, a scheduling entity and one ormore subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduledresources.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a design of base station 110 and UE 120,which may be one of the base stations and one of the UEs in FIG. 1. Basestation 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234 a through 234 t, and UE120 may be equipped with R antennas 252 a through 252 r, where ingeneral T>1 and R>1.

At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from adata source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation andcoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channelquality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encodeand modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s)selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitprocessor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-staticresource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information(e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.) and provideoverhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may alsogenerate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the CRS) andsynchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS)and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatialprocessing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols,the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, andmay provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232 a through232 t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream(e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, andupconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Tdownlink signals from modulators 232 a through 232 t may be transmittedvia T antennas 234 a through 234 t, respectively. According to certainaspects described in more detail below, the synchronization signals canbe generated with location encoding to convey additional information.

At UE 120, antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlink signalsfrom base station 110 and/or other base stations and may providereceived signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r,respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify,downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., forOFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtainreceived symbols from all R demodulators 254 a through 254 r, performMIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and providedetected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulateand decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to adata sink 260, and provide decoded control information and systeminformation to a controller/processor 280. A channel processor maydetermine RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.

On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., forreports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.) fromcontroller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generatereference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols fromtransmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 ifapplicable, further processed by modulators 254 a through 254 r (e.g.,for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to base station 110. Atbase station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may bereceived by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by aMIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240.Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate tonetwork controller 130 via communication unit 244. Network controller130 may include communication unit 294, controller/processor 290, andmemory 292.

In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120 may be included in ahousing. Controllers/processors 240 and 280 and/or any othercomponent(s) in FIG. 2 may direct the operation at base station 110 andUE 120, respectively, to perform transmit power control duringmulti-link operation. For example, controller/processor 280 and/or otherprocessors and modules at UE 120, may perform or direct operations of UE120 to perform transmit power control during multi-link operation. Forexample, controller/processor 280 and/or other controllers/processorsand modules at UE 120 may perform or direct operations of, for example,example process 1000 of FIG. 10, process 1100 of FIG. 11, and/or otherprocesses as described herein. In some aspects, one or more of thecomponents shown in FIG. 2 may be employed to perform example process1000, process 1100, and/or other processes for the techniques describedherein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for basestation 110 and UE 120, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEsfor data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.

In some aspects, UE 120 may include means for receiving one or more DCItransmissions including a plurality of TPC commands, means fordetermining the uplink channel transmit power for the plurality ofuplink beam-pairs based at least in part on the plurality of TPCcommands, and/or the like. In some aspects, such means may include oneor more components of UE 120 described in connection with FIG. 2.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows an example frame structure 300 for FDD in atelecommunications system (e.g., LTE). The transmission timeline foreach of the downlink and uplink may be partitioned into units of radioframes. Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10milliseconds (ms)) and may be partitioned into 10 subframes with indicesof 0 through 9. Each subframe may include two slots. Each radio framemay thus include 20 slots with indices of 0 through 19. Each slot mayinclude L symbol periods, e.g., seven symbol periods for a normal cyclicprefix (as shown in FIG. 3) or six symbol periods for an extended cyclicprefix. The 2L symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indicesof 0 through 2L−1.

While some techniques are described herein in connection with frames,subframes, slots, and/or the like, these techniques may equally apply toother types of wireless communication structures, which may be referredto using terms other than “frame,” “subframe,” “slot,” and/or the likein 5G NR. In some aspects, a wireless communication structure may referto a periodic time-bounded communication unit defined by a wirelesscommunication standard and/or protocol.

In certain telecommunications (e.g., LTE), a BS may transmit a primarysynchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal(SSS) on the downlink in the center of the system bandwidth for eachcell supported by the BS. The PSS and SSS may be transmitted in symbolperiods 6 and 5, respectively, in subframes 0 and 5 of each radio framewith the normal cyclic prefix, as shown in FIG. 3. The PSS and SSS maybe used by UEs for cell search and acquisition. The BS may transmit acell-specific reference signal (CRS) across the system bandwidth foreach cell supported by the BS. The CRS may be transmitted in certainsymbol periods of each subframe and may be used by the UEs to performchannel estimation, channel quality measurement, and/or other functions.The BS may also transmit a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in symbolperiods 0 to 3 in slot 1 of certain radio frames. The PBCH may carrysome system information. The BS may transmit other system informationsuch as system information blocks (SIBs) on a physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) in certain subframes. The BS may transmit controlinformation/data on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in thefirst B symbol periods of a subframe, where B may be configurable foreach subframe. The BS may transmit traffic data and/or other data on thePDSCH in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.

In other systems (e.g., such NR or 5G systems), a Node B may transmitthese or other signals in these locations or in different locations ofthe subframe.

As indicated above, FIG. 3 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 shows two example subframe formats 410 and 420 with the normalcyclic prefix. The available time frequency resources may be partitionedinto resource blocks. Each resource block may cover 12 subcarriers inone slot and may include a number of resource elements. Each resourceelement may cover one subcarrier in one symbol period and may be used tosend one modulation symbol, which may be a real or complex value.

Subframe format 410 may be used for two antennas. A CRS may betransmitted from antennas 0 and 1 in symbol periods 0, 4, 7, and 11. Areference signal is a signal that is known a priori by a transmitter anda receiver and may also be referred to as pilot. A CRS is a referencesignal that is specific for a cell, e.g., generated based at least inpart on a cell identity (ID). In FIG. 4, for a given resource elementwith label Ra, a modulation symbol may be transmitted on that resourceelement from antenna a, and no modulation symbols may be transmitted onthat resource element from other antennas. Subframe format 420 may beused with four antennas. A CRS may be transmitted from antennas 0 and 1in symbol periods 0, 4, 7, and 11 and from antennas 2 and 3 in symbolperiods 1 and 8. For both subframe formats 410 and 420, a CRS may betransmitted on evenly spaced subcarriers, which may be determined basedat least in part on cell ID. CRSs may be transmitted on the same ordifferent subcarriers, depending on their cell IDs. For both subframeformats 410 and 420, resource elements not used for the CRS may be usedto transmit data (e.g., traffic data, control data, and/or other data).

The PSS, SSS, CRS and PBCH in LTE are described in 3GPP TS 36.211,entitled “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); PhysicalChannels and Modulation,” which is publicly available.

An interlace structure may be used for each of the downlink and uplinkfor FDD in certain telecommunications systems (e.g., LTE). For example,Q interlaces with indices of 0 through Q−1 may be defined, where Q maybe equal to 4, 6, 8, 10, or some other value. Each interlace may includesubframes that are spaced apart by Q frames. In particular, interlace qmay include subframes q, q+Q, q+2Q, etc., where q ∈{0, . . . , Q−1}.

The wireless network may support hybrid automatic retransmission request(HARQ) for data transmission on the downlink and uplink. For HARQ, atransmitter (e.g., a BS) may send one or more transmissions of a packetuntil the packet is decoded correctly by a receiver (e.g., a UE) or someother termination condition is encountered. For synchronous HARQ, alltransmissions of the packet may be sent in subframes of a singleinterlace. For asynchronous HARQ, each transmission of the packet may besent in any subframe.

A UE may be located within the coverage of multiple BSs. One of theseBSs may be selected to serve the UE. The serving BS may be selectedbased at least in part on various criteria such as received signalstrength, received signal quality, path loss, and/or the like. Receivedsignal quality may be quantified by a signal-to-noise-and-interferenceratio (SINR), or a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or someother metric. The UE may operate in a dominant interference scenario inwhich the UE may observe high interference from one or more interferingBSs.

While aspects of the examples described herein may be associated withLTE technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applicablewith other wireless communication systems, such as NR or 5Gtechnologies.

New radio (NR) may refer to radios configured to operate according to anew air interface (e.g., other than Orthogonal Frequency DivisionalMultiple Access (OFDMA)-based air interfaces) or fixed transport layer(e.g., other than Internet Protocol (IP)). In aspects, NR may utilizeOFDM with a CP (herein referred to as cyclic prefix OFDM or CP-OFDM)and/or SC-FDM on the uplink, may utilize CP-OFDM on the downlink andinclude support for half-duplex operation using TDD. In aspects, NR may,for example, utilize OFDM with a CP (herein referred to as CP-OFDM)and/or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) on the uplink, may utilize CP-OFDM on thedownlink and include support for half-duplex operation using TDD. NR mayinclude Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service targeting widebandwidth (e.g., 80 megahertz (MHz) and beyond), millimeter wave (mmW)targeting high carrier frequency (e.g., 60 gigahertz (GHz)), massive MTC(mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or missioncritical targeting ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC)service.

A single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHZ may be supported. NRresource blocks may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of75 kilohertz (kHz) over a 0.1 ms duration. Each radio frame may include50 subframes with a length of 10 ms. Consequently, each subframe mayhave a length of 0.2 ms. Each subframe may indicate a link direction(e.g., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for eachsubframe may be dynamically switched. Each subframe may include DL/ULdata as well as DL/UL control data. UL and DL subframes for NR may be asdescribed in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 7 and 8.

Beamforming may be supported and beam direction may be dynamicallyconfigured. MIMO transmissions with precoding may also be supported.MIMO configurations in the DL may support up to 8 transmit antennas withmulti-layer DL transmissions up to 8 streams and up to 2 streams per UE.Multi-layer transmissions with up to 2 streams per UE may be supported.Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported with up to 8 servingcells. Alternatively, NR may support a different air interface, otherthan an OFDM-based interface. NR networks may include entities suchcentral units or distributed units.

The RAN may include a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DUs). ANR BS (e.g., gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmit receive point (TRP),access point (AP)) may correspond to one or multiple BSs. NR cells canbe configured as access cells (ACells) or data only cells (DCells). Forexample, the RAN (e.g., a central unit or distributed unit) canconfigure the cells. DCells may be cells used for carrier aggregation ordual connectivity, but not used for initial access, cellselection/reselection, or handover. In some cases, DCells may nottransmit synchronization signals—in some case cases DCells may transmitSS. NR BSs may transmit downlink signals to UEs indicating the celltype. Based at least in part on the cell type indication, the UE maycommunicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs toconsider for cell selection, access, handover, and/or measurement basedat least in part on the indicated cell type.

As indicated above, FIG. 4 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed RAN500, according to aspects of the present disclosure. A 5G access node506 may include an access node controller (ANC) 502. The ANC may be acentral unit (CU) of the distributed RAN 500. The backhaul interface tothe next generation core network (NG-CN) 504 may terminate at the ANC.The backhaul interface to neighboring next generation access nodes(NG-ANs) may terminate at the ANC. The ANC may include one or more TRPs508 (which may also be referred to as BSs, NR BSs, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs,gNB, or some other term). As described above, a TRP may be usedinterchangeably with “cell.”

The TRPs 508 may be a distributed unit (DU). The TRPs may be connectedto one ANC (ANC 502) or more than one ANC (not illustrated). Forexample, for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS), and servicespecific AND deployments, the TRP may be connected to more than one ANC.A TRP may include one or more antenna ports. The TRPs may be configuredto individually (e.g., dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., jointtransmission) serve traffic to a UE.

The local architecture of RAN 500 may be used to illustrate fronthauldefinition. The architecture may be defined that support fronthaulingsolutions across different deployment types. For example, thearchitecture may be based at least in part on transmit networkcapabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and/or jitter).

The architecture may share features and/or components with LTE.According to aspects, the next generation AN (NG-AN) 510 may supportdual connectivity with NR. The NG-AN may share a common fronthaul forLTE and NR.

The architecture may enable cooperation between and among TRPs 508. Forexample, cooperation may be preset within a TRP and/or across TRPs viathe ANC 502. According to aspects, no inter-TRP interface may beneeded/present.

According to aspects, a dynamic configuration of split logical functionsmay be present within the architecture of RAN 500. The PDCP, RLC, MACprotocol may be adaptably placed at the ANC or TRP.

According to certain aspects, a BS may include a central unit (CU)(e.g., ANC 502) and/or one or more distributed units (e.g., one or moreTRPs 508).

As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN600, according to aspects of the present disclosure. A centralized corenetwork unit (C-CU) 602 may host core network functions. The C-CU may becentrally deployed. C-CU functionality may be offloaded (e.g., toadvanced wireless services (AWS)), in an effort to handle peak capacity.

A centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 604 may host one or more ANC functions.

Optionally, the C-RU may host core network functions locally. The C-RUmay have distributed deployment. The C-RU may be closer to the networkedge.

A distributed unit (DU) 606 may host one or more TRPs. The DU may belocated at edges of the network with radio frequency (RF) functionality.

As indicated above, FIG. 6 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 showing an example of a DL-centric subframe orwireless communication structure. The DL-centric subframe may include acontrol portion 702. The control portion 702 may exist in the initial orbeginning portion of the DL-centric subframe. The control portion 702may include various scheduling information and/or control informationcorresponding to various portions of the DL-centric subframe. In someconfigurations, the control portion 702 may be a physical DL controlchannel (PDCCH), as indicated in FIG. 7. In some aspects, the controlportion 702 may include legacy PDCCH information, shortened PDCCH(sPDCCH) information), a control format indicator (CFI) value (e.g.,carried on a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH)), one ormore grants (e.g., downlink grants, uplink grants, etc.), and/or thelike.

The DL-centric subframe may also include a DL data portion 704. The DLdata portion 704 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of theDL-centric subframe. The DL data portion 704 may include thecommunication resources utilized to communicate DL data from thescheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) to the subordinate entity (e.g., UE).In some configurations, the DL data portion 704 may be a physical DLshared channel (PDSCH).

The DL-centric subframe may also include an UL short burst portion 706.The UL short burst portion 706 may sometimes be referred to as an ULburst, an UL burst portion, a common UL burst, a short burst, an ULshort burst, a common UL short burst, a common UL short burst portion,and/or various other suitable terms. In some aspects, the UL short burstportion 706 may include one or more reference signals. Additionally, oralternatively, the UL short burst portion 706 may include feedbackinformation corresponding to various other portions of the DL-centricsubframe. For example, the UL short burst portion 706 may includefeedback information corresponding to the control portion 702 and/or thedata portion 704. Non-limiting examples of information that may beincluded in the UL short burst portion 706 include an ACK signal (e.g.,a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ACK, a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH) ACK, an immediate ACK), a NACK signal (e.g., a PUCCHNACK, a PUSCH NACK, an immediate NACK), a scheduling request (SR), abuffer status report (BSR), a HARQ indicator, a channel state indication(CSI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a sounding reference signal(SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), PUSCH data, and/orvarious other suitable types of information. The UL short burst portion706 may include additional or alternative information, such asinformation pertaining to random access channel (RACH) procedures,scheduling requests, and various other suitable types of information.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, the end of the DL data portion 704 may beseparated in time from the beginning of the UL short burst portion 706.This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, a guardperiod, a guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. Thisseparation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication(e.g., reception operation by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)) to ULcommunication (e.g., transmission by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)).The foregoing is merely one example of a DL-centric wirelesscommunication structure, and alternative structures having similarfeatures may exist without necessarily deviating from the aspectsdescribed herein.

As indicated above, FIG. 7 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 7.

FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 showing an example of an UL-centric subframe orwireless communication structure. The UL-centric subframe may include acontrol portion 802. The control portion 802 may exist in the initial orbeginning portion of the UL-centric subframe. The control portion 802 inFIG. 8 may be similar to the control portion 702 described above withreference to FIG. 7. The UL-centric subframe may also include an UL longburst portion 804. The UL long burst portion 804 may sometimes bereferred to as the payload of the UL-centric subframe. The UL portionmay refer to the communication resources utilized to communicate UL datafrom the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) to the scheduling entity (e.g.,UE or BS). In some configurations, the control portion 802 may be aphysical DL control channel (PDCCH).

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the end of the control portion 802 may beseparated in time from the beginning of the UL long burst portion 804.This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guardperiod, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. Thisseparation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication(e.g., reception operation by the scheduling entity) to UL communication(e.g., transmission by the scheduling entity).

The UL-centric subframe may also include an UL short burst portion 806.The UL short burst portion 806 in FIG. 8 may be similar to the UL shortburst portion 706 described above with reference to FIG. 7, and mayinclude any of the information described above in connection with FIG.7. The foregoing is merely one example of an UL-centric wirelesscommunication structure, and alternative structures having similarfeatures may exist without necessarily deviating from the aspectsdescribed herein.

In some circumstances, two or more subordinate entities (e.g., UEs) maycommunicate with each other using sidelink signals. Real-worldapplications of such sidelink communications may include public safety,proximity services, UE-to-network relaying, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoTcommunications, mission-critical mesh, and/or various other suitableapplications. Generally, a sidelink signal may refer to a signalcommunicated from one subordinate entity (e.g., UE1) to anothersubordinate entity (e.g., UE2) without relaying that communicationthrough the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS), even though thescheduling entity may be utilized for scheduling and/or controlpurposes. In some examples, the sidelink signals may be communicatedusing a licensed spectrum (unlike wireless local area networks, whichtypically use an unlicensed spectrum).

In one example, a wireless communication structure, such as a frame, mayinclude both UL-centric subframes and DL-centric subframes. In thisexample, the ratio of UL-centric subframes to DL-centric subframes in aframe may be dynamically adjusted based at least in part on the amountof UL data and the amount of DL data that are transmitted. For example,if there is more UL data, then the ratio of UL-centric subframes toDL-centric subframes may be increased. Conversely, if there is more DLdata, then the ratio of UL-centric subframes to DL-centric subframes maybe decreased.

As indicated above, FIG. 8 is provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIG. 8.

A wireless communication device, such as a user equipment (e.g., UE 120)and/or the like, may operate in a new radio (NR) network. The wirelesscommunication device may utilize multiple links for operation in the NRnetwork. For example, the wireless communication device may monitor aPDCCH associated with multiple beam-pair links. Additionally, oralternatively, the wireless communication device may transmit uplinkdata using multiple beam-pair links. For example, the wirelesscommunication device may transmit a set of PUCCHs, a set of PUSCHs, aset of SRSs, and/or the like using multiple uplink beam-pair links. Anuplink beam-pair may refer to a beam for uplink transmission transmittedby the wireless communication device and a corresponding beam for uplinkreception at an access point, such as BS 110. Similarly, a downlinkbeam-pair may refer to a beam for downlink transmission by a basestation or access point to a wireless communication device and acorresponding beam for downlink reception at the wireless communicationdevice.

The wireless communication device may transmit repetitions of aparticular channel using multiple uplink beam-pair links. For example,the wireless communication device may transmit a first repetition of aPUCCH using a first uplink beam-pair and a second repetition of thePUCCH using a second uplink beam-pair. Additionally, or alternatively,the wireless communication device may transmit a PUCCH using a firstuplink beam-pair and a PUSCH using a second uplink beam-pair.

The wireless communication device may transmit data using multipleuplink beam-pairs to a single cell. Additionally, or alternatively, thewireless communication device may transmit different uplink beam-pairsto different cells. For example, when the wireless communication deviceis operating in a coordinated multipoint (CoMP) mode, the wirelesscommunication device may transmit data using a first uplink beam-pair toa first cell and a second uplink beam-pair to a second cell. In thisway, the wireless communication device may utilize multiple beam-pairlinks to provide redundancy in data transmission and reception, therebyimproving a robustness to errors associated with a particular beam-pairlink relative to operating in a single link mode. However, usingtransmit power control signaling for a single link may result inincorrect gain settings, interference conditions, and/or the like whenapplied to multiple links.

Techniques and apparatuses, described herein, permit a wirelesscommunication device to determine an uplink channel transmit power for aplurality of uplink beam-pairs. For example, based at least in part onreceiving one or more downlink control information (DCI) transmissionsincluding a plurality of transmit power control (TPC) commands from oneor more access points, the wireless communication device may determinethe uplink channel transmit power for the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs, and may transmit data on the plurality of uplink beam-pairsusing the determined uplink channel transmit power. In this way, powercontrol may be achieved for multi-link communication.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 of multi-link transmitpower control. As shown in FIG. 9, example 900 may include a BS 110 anda UE 120.

As further shown in FIG. 9, and by reference number 910, UE 120 mayreceive a multicast transmission conveying one or more DCI transmissionsincluding a plurality of TPC commands. In some aspects, UE 120 mayreceive one or more DCI transmissions including the plurality of TPCcommands. For example, UE 120 may receive one or more DCI transmissionswith a plurality of indicators of a plurality of transmit powers.

As further shown in FIG. 9, and by reference number 920, UE 120 maydetermine a plurality of transmit powers for a plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs. For example, UE 120 may determine a common transmit powerfor the plurality of uplink beam-pairs. Additionally, or alternatively,UE 120 may determine a plurality of different transmit powers for theplurality of uplink beam-pairs. Additionally, or alternatively, UE 120may determine a first transmit power for a first uplink beam-pair and asecond transmit power for a plurality of second uplink beam-pairs.

As further shown in FIG. 9, and by reference numbers 930-1 and 930-2, UE120 may transmit a plurality of uplink beam-pairs with a plurality oftransmit powers. For example, UE 120 may transmit a first uplinkbeam-pair with a first transmit power using a first antenna, antennaelement, or antenna element array, and may transmit a second uplinkbeam-pair with a second transmit power using a second antenna, antennaelement, or antenna element array. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmitthe plurality of uplink beam-pairs to a plurality of BSs 110. Forexample, UE 120 may transmit using a first uplink beam-pair or a firstset of uplink beam-pairs to a first BS 110, a second uplink beam-pair ora second set of uplink beam-pairs to a second BS 110, and/or the like.In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit a plurality of types of channelsbased at least in part on the plurality of transmit powers. For example,the plurality of types of channels may include at least one of an uplinkchannel, a supplemental uplink channel, and/or the like. In this case,each uplink channel (e.g., the uplink channel and the supplementaluplink channel) may be associated with a single downlink channel, andmay be controlled by different TPC commands sent on the single downlinkchannel.

As indicated above, FIG. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples arepossible and may differ from what was described with respect to FIG. 9.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, forexample, by a wireless communication device, in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an examplewhere a wireless communication device (e.g., UE 120) performs multi-linktransmit power control.

As shown in FIG. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receivingone or more DCI transmissions including one or more TPC commands (block1010). For example, the wireless communication device may receive theone or more DCI transmissions, including the one or more TPC commands,from one or more access points (e.g., one or more BSs 110). In someaspects, the one or more TPC commands may relate to an uplink channeltransmit power for a plurality of uplink beam-pairs. In some aspects,the wireless communication device may receive a single DCI transmissionthat conveys multiple TPC commands. For example, an access point maytransmit multiple TPC commands that correspond to a sequence of linkindices for a set of links in a single DCI transmission, and thewireless communication device may receive the single DCI transmissionand extract the TPC commands to determine uplink transmit power for eachuplink beam-pair link. Additionally, or alternatively, the wirelesscommunication device may receive multiple DCI transmissions (e.g., viamultiple downlink beam-pair links), and the wireless communicationdevice may extract TPC commands from each DCI transmission. In thiscase, each TPC command associated with each DCI transmission transmittedvia each downlink beam-pair may relate to an uplink transmit power foran uplink beam-pair associated, for example based at least in part onbeam correspondence or reciprocity, with the downlink beam-pair on whichthe DCI transmission was received. Additionally, or alternatively, thewireless communication device may receive a single TPC command relatingto an uplink transmit power for multiple uplink beam-pairs, acombination of a TPC command relating to multiple uplink beam-pairs anda TPC command relating to a single uplink beam-pair, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the wireless communication device may receive the oneor more DCI transmissions via a unicast transmission. For example, anaccess point (e.g., BS 110) may transmit a unicast transmission directedto the wireless communication device to convey the one or more TPCcommands. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless communicationdevice may receive the one or more DCI transmissions via a multicasttransmission. For example, an access point (e.g., BS 110) may transmit amulticast transmission directed to multiple wireless communicationdevices to convey the one or more TPC commands to the multiple wirelesscommunication devices (e.g., a single TPC command directed to multiplewireless communication devices, multiple TPC commands directed tomultiple wireless communication devices, and/or the like). In this case,the wireless communication device may extract TPC bits of a TPC commandbased at least in part on information identifying a portion of themulticast transmission for utilization by the wireless communicationdevice. In some aspects, the one or more DCI transmissions conveyed viathe multicast transmission may be dynamically updated based at least inpart on a change to a quantity of links. In some aspects, the multicasttransmission may be transmitted by an access point without padding bits.Additionally, or alternatively, the multicast transmission may betransmitted by the access point with padding bits, which the wirelesscommunication device may utilize for verification (e.g., a cyclicredundancy check (CRC)).

In some aspects, the one or more DCI transmissions is a single DCItransmission that includes the one or more TPC commands. In someaspects, the one or more TPC commands includes a plurality of TPCcommands, and the single DCI transmission includes the plurality of TPCcommands in a sequence corresponding to a sequence of link indices. Insome aspects, the one or more TPC commands are received via a unicasttransmission.

In some aspects, the one or more TPC commands are received via amulticast transmission, and the multicast transmission includes the oneor more TPC commands for a plurality of wireless communication devices.In some aspects, at least one TPC command, of the one or more TPCcommands, is extracted by the wireless communication device from themulticast transmission. In some aspects, the multicast transmission doesnot include a set of padding bits, and a quantity of TPC bits of themulticast transmission is associated with a quantity of TPC commands ofthe one or more TPC commands. In some aspects, the multicasttransmission includes a set of padding bits, and the set of padding bitsincludes information associated with the one or more TPC commands. Insome aspects, the set of padding bits is set to a static value. In someaspects, the uplink channel transmit power for the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs is determined based at least in part on a mapping of bits ofthe multicast transmission to uplink beam-pairs of the plurality ofuplink beam-pairs.

As further shown in FIG. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may includedetermining an uplink channel transmit power for a plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs based at least in part on the one or more TPC commands (block1020). For example, the wireless communication device may determine theuplink channel transmit power for the plurality of uplink beam-pairsbased at least in part on the one or more TPC commands. In some aspects,the wireless communication device may determine a transmit power levelfor the uplink transmit power is determined based at least in part on apower control step-size. In some aspects, the one or more power controlstep-sizes may set based at least in part on a specification, or may beconfigured by the network or an access point (e.g., using a masterinformation block (MIB), a master system information block (MSIB), asystem information block (SIB), a DCI message, radio resource control(RRC) configuration message, or the like). For example, the wirelesscommunication device may be configured with a single power controlstep-size for multiple uplink beam-pairs, multiple power controlstep-sizes for multiple uplink beam-pairs, and/or the like.

In some aspects, data is transmitted on the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs using the determined uplink channel transmit power. In someaspects, each of the plurality of uplink beam-pairs is associated with acorresponding TPC command of the one or more TPC commands. In someaspects, the one or more DCI transmissions are a plurality of DCItransmissions, and each DCI transmission, of the plurality of DCItransmissions includes a TPC command of the one or more TPC commands. Insome aspects, each DCI transmission, of the plurality of DCItransmissions, includes information identifying a corresponding uplinkbeam-pair of the plurality of uplink beam-pairs. In some aspects, theplurality of uplink beam-pairs are associated with a single basestation. In some aspects, the plurality of uplink beam-pairs areassociated with multiple base stations, and the information identifyingthe corresponding uplink beam-pair includes a cell identifier.

In some aspects, uplink channel transmit powers for two or more of theplurality of uplink beam-pairs are determined based at least in part ona single TPC command of the one or more TPC commands. In some aspects, apower control step-size is determined for the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs based at least in part on the one or more TPC commands. Insome aspects, a first uplink beam-pair, of the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs, is associated with a first power control step-size, a seconduplink beam-pair, of the plurality of uplink beam-pairs, is associatedwith a second power control step-size, and the second power controlstep-size is different from the first power control step-size. In someaspects, the plurality of uplink beam-pairs are associated with aplurality of types of channels, and the plurality of types of channelsinclude at least one of a PUCCH, a PUSCH, a sounding reference signal(SRS) channel, a scheduling request (SR) channel, a beam recovery (BR)indicator channel, and/or the like. In some aspects, a first TPCcommand, of the one or more TPC commands, corresponds to a first type ofchannel of the plurality of types of channels, and a second TPC command,of the one or more TPC commands, corresponds to a second type of channelof the plurality of types of channels.

Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspector any combination of aspects described above.

Although FIG. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects,process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 10.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process1000 may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, forexample, by a wireless communication device, in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an examplewhere a wireless communication device (e.g., UE 120) performs multi-linktransmit power control.

As shown in FIG. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receivingone or more downlink control information (DCI) transmissions including aplurality of transmit power control (TPC) commands (block 1110). Forexample, the wireless communication device may receive the one or moreDCI transmissions including the plurality of TPC commands from at leastone access point (e.g., a BS 110). In some aspects, the plurality of TPCcommands relate to an uplink channel transmit power for a plurality ofuplink beam-pairs. For example, the plurality of TPC commands may relateto a plurality of uplink channel transmit powers for the plurality ofuplink beam-pairs.

As further shown in FIG. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may includedetermining the uplink channel transmit power for the plurality ofuplink beam-pairs based at least in part on the plurality of TPCcommands (block 1120). For example, the wireless communication devicemay determine the uplink channel transmit power for the plurality ofuplink beam-pairs based at least in part on the plurality of TPCcommands.

Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspector any combination of aspects described below.

In some aspects, data is transmitted on the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs using the uplink channel transmit power.

In some aspects, each of the plurality of uplink beam-pairs isassociated with a corresponding TPC command of the plurality of TPCcommands.

In some aspects, the one or more DCI transmissions includes theplurality of TPC commands in a sequence corresponding to a sequence oflink indices.

In some aspects, the plurality of uplink beam-pairs are associated witha single base station.

In some aspects, the plurality of uplink beam-pairs are associated withmultiple base stations.

In some aspects, each of the plurality of TPC commands is associatedwith a corresponding cell identifier and information identifying acorresponding uplink beam-pair.

In some aspects, uplink channel transmit powers for two or more of theplurality of uplink beam-pairs are determined based at least in part ona single TPC command of the plurality of TPC commands.

In some aspects, a transmit power level for the uplink channel transmitpower is determined based at least in part on a power control step-size.

In some aspects, a first uplink beam-pair, of the plurality of uplinkbeam-pairs, is associated with a first power control step-size and asecond uplink beam-pair, of the plurality of uplink beam-pairs, isassociated with a second power control step-size, and the second powercontrol step-size is different from the first power control step-size.

In some aspects, the plurality of TPC commands are received via aunicast transmission.

In some aspects, the plurality of TPC commands are received via amulticast transmission.

In some aspects, the plurality of TPC commands are for a plurality ofwireless communication devices.

In some aspects, at least one TPC command, of the plurality of TPCcommands, is extracted by the wireless communication device from themulticast transmission.

In some aspects, the multicast transmission does not include a set ofpadding bits, and the set of padding bits includes informationassociated with the plurality of TPC commands.

In some aspects, the multicast transmission includes a set of paddingbits, and the set of padding bits includes information associated withthe plurality of TPC commands.

In some aspects, the set of padding bits is set to a static value.

In some aspects, the uplink channel transmit power for the plurality ofuplink beam-pairs is determined based at least in part on a mapping ofbits of the multicast transmission to uplink beam-pairs of the pluralityof uplink beam-pairs.

In some aspects, the plurality of uplink beam-pairs are associated witha plurality of types of channels, and the plurality of types of channelsinclude a PUCCH, a PUSCH, an SRS channel, an SR channel, a BR indicatorchannel, and/or the like.

In some aspects, a first TPC command, of the plurality of TPC commands,corresponds to a first type of channel of the plurality of types ofchannels, and a second TPC command, of the plurality of TPC commands,corresponds to a second type of channel of the plurality of types ofchannels.

Although FIG. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects,process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 11.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process1100 may be performed in parallel.

In this way, a wireless communication device (e.g., UE 120) may controla transmit power for multiple uplink beam-pairs when operating in amulti-link mode.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the preciseform disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light ofthe above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term component is intended to be broadly construedas hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. Asused herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or acombination of hardware and software.

Some aspects are described herein in connection with thresholds. As usedherein, satisfying a threshold may refer to a value being greater thanthe threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than thethreshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold,not equal to the threshold, and/or the like.

It will be apparent that systems and/or methods, described herein, maybe implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, or acombination of hardware and software. The actual specialized controlhardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methodsis not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of thesystems and/or methods were described herein without reference tospecific software code—it being understood that software and hardwarecan be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at leastin part, on the description herein.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of possible aspects. In fact, many ofthese features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependentclaim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosureof possible aspects includes each dependent claim in combination withevery other claim in the claim set. A phrase referring to “at least oneof” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, includingsingle members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intendedto cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combinationwith multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c,a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering ofa, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore,as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include oneor more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination ofrelated and unrelated items, etc.), and may be used interchangeably with“one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the term “one” orsimilar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,”“having,” and/or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further,the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on”unless explicitly stated otherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:receiving, by a wireless communication device, one or more downlinkcontrol information (DCI) transmissions including a plurality oftransmit power control (TPC) commands, the plurality of TPC commandsrelating to transmit power for a plurality of uplink channels, a firstTPC command, of the plurality of TPC commands, corresponding to a firsttype of channel, and a second TPC command, of the plurality of TPCcommands, corresponding to a second type of channel; and determining, bythe wireless communication device, a first transmit power for the firsttype of channel based on the first TPC command and a second transmitpower for the second type of channel based on the second TPC command. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of uplink channels aretransmitted as part of a directional beam.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the first type of channel is a shared data channel, and whereinthe second type of channel is a control channel.
 4. The method of claim3, further comprising: transmitting on the shared data channel using thefirst transmit power; and transmitting on the control channel using thesecond transmit power.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluralityof TPC commands are provided via a multicast transmission.
 6. The methodof claim 5, wherein the multicast transmission does not include a set ofpadding bits, and wherein a quantity of TPC bits of the multicasttransmission is associated with a quantity of TPC commands of theplurality of TPC commands.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein themulticast transmission includes a set of padding bits, wherein the setof padding bits includes information associated with the plurality ofTPC commands.
 8. A device for wireless communication, comprising: amemory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory,the memory and the one or more processors configured to: receive one ormore downlink control information (DCI) transmissions including aplurality of transmit power control (TPC) commands, the plurality of TPCcommands relating to transmit power for a plurality of uplink channels,a first TPC command, of the plurality of TPC commands, corresponding toa first type of channel, and a second TPC command, of the plurality ofTPC commands, corresponding to a second type of channel; and determine afirst transmit power for the first type of channel based on the firstTPC command and a second transmit power for the second type of channelbased on the second TPC command.
 9. The device of claim 8, wherein theplurality of uplink channels are transmitted as part of a directionalbeam.
 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the first type of channel is ashared data channel, and wherein the second type of channel is a controlchannel.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the one or more processorsare further configured to: transmit on the shared data channel using thefirst transmit power; and transmit on the control channel using thesecond transmit power.
 12. A non-transitory computer-readable mediumstoring one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one ormore instructions comprising: one or more instructions that, whenexecuted by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:receive one or more downlink control information (DCI) transmissionsincluding a plurality of transmit power control (TPC) commands, theplurality of TPC commands relating to transmit power for a plurality ofuplink channels, a first TPC command, of the plurality of TPC commands,corresponding to a first type of channel, and a second TPC command, ofthe plurality of TPC commands, corresponding to a second type ofchannel; and determine a first transmit power for the first type ofchannel based on the first TPC command and a second transmit power forthe second type of channel based on the second TPC command.
 13. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein theplurality of uplink channels are transmitted as part of a directionalbeam.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12,wherein the first type of channel is a shared data channel, and whereinthe second type of channel is a control channel.
 15. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the one or moreinstructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further causethe one or more processors to: transmit on the shared data channel usingthe first transmit power; and transmit on the control channel using thesecond transmit power.
 16. An apparatus for wireless communication,comprising: means for receiving one or more downlink control information(DCI) transmissions including a plurality of transmit power control(TPC) commands, the plurality of TPC commands relating to transmit powerfor a plurality of uplink channels, a first TPC command, of theplurality of TPC commands, corresponding to a first type of channel, anda second TPC command, of the plurality of TPC commands, corresponding toa second type of channel; and means for determining a first transmitpower for the first type of channel based on the first TPC command and asecond transmit power for the second type of channel based on the secondTPC command.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the plurality ofuplink channels are transmitted as part of a directional beam.
 18. Theapparatus of claim 16, wherein the first type of channel is a shareddata channel, and wherein the second type of channel is a controlchannel.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising: means fortransmitting on the shared data channel using the first transmit power;and means for transmitting on the control channel using the secondtransmit power.
 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the plurality ofTPC commands are provided via a multicast transmission.